Wednesday, September 26, 2007

UK's Brown vows "no impunity" for abuse in Myanmar

(Adds PM spokesman, Miliband quotes)

BOURNEMOUTH, England, Sept 26 (Reuters) - British Prime Minister Gordon Brown called for a U.N. Security Council meeting on Myanmar on Wednesday, vowing there would be "no impunity" for human rights violators in the country.

"I hope the Security Council will meet immediately, meet today, and discuss this issue and look at what can be done. The first thing that should be done is the U.N. envoy should be sent to Burma (Myanmar)," Brown told reporters at a conference of Britain's ruling Labour Party.

"There will be no impunity in future for those who trample the human rights of the people of Burma."

Brown spoke as a hospital source said one person was killed and five wounded in Myanmar's main city on Wednesday when security forces moved in to disperse the biggest anti-junta demonstrations in 20 years.

"I think everybody knows now that the whole issue of sanctions is going to take on a new dimension," he said.

The European Union was going to look at "a whole range of sanctions that could be imposed", he said.

"The whole world is now watching Burma and its illegitimate and repressive regime should know that the whole world is going to hold it to account. The age of impunity in neglecting and overriding human rights is over," he said.

"I think the international pressure that can be made to be felt in the next few days is incredibly important. I want to see the whole of the world getting together on this, each continent of the world can come together."

A spokesman for the prime minister later said Brown would be phoning world leaders about the situation.

"We certainly expect him to speak to (U.N. Secretary-General) Ban Ki-moon today," the spokesman said, adding Brown hoped also to talk to U.S. President George W. Bush.

British Foreign Secretary David Miliband, who is due to fly to New York for U.N. meetings later on Wednesday, urged Myanmar authorities to exercise restraint in responding to the protests and said they would be held accountable for their conduct.

A British government official said Miliband would discuss the situation with China's Foreign Minister later on Wednesday.

"It is very important that we maintain this unanimous international call for restraint," he told reporters in Bournemouth, southern England.

He said no contact had been made with detained pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who appeared in front of her house on Saturday to greet marching monks. A well-placed source told Reuters she had been moved to the Insein prison on Sunday, although the information could not be confirmed.

"She will know that the world is on her side and a democratic Burma must be the end result. But in the short term the message is restraint and protection of the brave people who are marching," Miliband said. (additional reporting by Sophie Walker)

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Myanmar protests push Iran down U.N. agenda

By Paul Taylor

UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - President George W. Bush announced new U.S. sanctions against Myanmar on Tuesday and Western leaders warned the southeast Asian nation's army rulers against crushing pro-democracy protests by force.

Urging all countries to "help the Burmese people reclaim their freedom," Bush told the annual U.N. General Assembly he was imposing financial sanctions and a visa ban on more members of the junta, their supporters and relatives.

His call came before the authorities imposed a dusk-to-dawn curfew and poured security forces into Yangon to try to end the biggest demonstrations against military rule for two decades. Earlier, 10,000 Buddhist monks again defied the generals by marching through the city chanting "democracy, democracy."

"Americans are outraged by the situation in Burma, where a military junta has imposed a 19-year reign of fear," Bush told the world body in his annual speech.

Myanmar was formerly called Burma and its capital Rangoon.

"The United States will tighten economic sanctions on the leaders of the regime and their financial backers," Bush said.

The 27-nation European Union said it would strengthen existing sanctions that include an arms embargo, a travel ban and an assets freeze on junta members "should they resort to using violence against the unarmed and peaceful demonstrators."

The Myanmar protests temporarily pushed concern over Iran's nuclear ambitions and the fight against climate change down the agenda on the first day of the U.N. debate, as well as conflicts in Darfur, Iraq and the Middle East.

Separately, the U.N. Security Council gave the green light for a European Union-led peacekeeping force to protect refugees and displaced persons in Chad and the Central African Republic from spillover violence from the Sudanese province of Darfur.

IRAN ISSUE "CLOSED"

Bush focused in his speech on human rights and promoting democracy, including in Iran, without mentioning the Iranian nuclear program. But a White House spokeswoman said Washington would continue to press for tougher U.N. sanctions on Tehran.

Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad told the assembly that the issue of his country's nuclear program was "closed" since Tehran was cooperating fully with the U.N. atomic watchdog and its uranium enrichment activities were legal.

Despite military threats and "illegal" sanctions, "Iran has moved forward step by step and now our country is recognized as one with the capacity for industrial-scale fuel cycle production for peaceful purposes," he declared.

French President Nicolas Sarkozy reminded the assembly of the high stakes in the standoff, saying that to allow the Islamic Republic to acquire nuclear weapons could destabilize the world.

"There will be no peace in the world if the international community falters in the face of nuclear arms proliferation ... Weakness and renunciation do not lead to peace. They lead to war," Sarkozy said in his maiden U.N. address.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel said at an awards ceremony in New York that it was not up to the world to prove Tehran sought nuclear weapons, "rather it is up to Iran to prove that it does not want to build an atomic bomb."

In the absence of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, who stayed away after sparking an outcry last year by comparing Bush to the devil, it fell to veteran leftist Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega to deliver an anti-capitalist tirade against U.S. world hegemony.

U.S. leaders continued to dictate what was right or wrong "as if they were God," he declared, while poor countries were still afflicted by "oppression and violence and terror."

The United States accuses Iran of supporting terrorism and arming insurgents in Iraq. Washington is pushing for a third U.N. sanctions resolution over Iran's refusal to halt uranium enrichment, but faces opposition from China and Russia.

(Additional reporting by Matt Spetalnick, Tabassum Zakaria, Jeff Mason, Claudia Parsons and Patrick Worsnip)

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World steps up pressure on Burma

New York - Former Thai foreign minister Surin Pitsuwan, the incoming secretary general of Asean the massive protests in Burma would lead to change as the international community appealed to the junta not to use force to crack down on tens of thousands of prodemocracy demonstrators.


"We do hope in Asean that things will not get out of hand, will not become too violent, but would lead to some kind of a congregation, some kind of change,'' Surin told reporters at the UN headquarters in New York.

The current demonstrations could provide momentum for reform not seen in recent years, he said.

"I think it's different from previous gatherings in the past 10 or 20 years, in the sense that it's being led by an institution that is most respected in (Burma) society,'' he said, referring to the fact that the protesters were led by monks who factor significantly in this deeply Buddhist country.

But Surin cautioned that given the size of the crowd, ``it is worrisome that things could get out of hand.''

A number of countries, including Asean members, have called on Burma to follow through on repeated pledges to implement democratic reforms and urged restrainst.

Philippines's President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo saying that Asean ``would like to see further improvement in democracy in Myanmar (Burma).''

A similar call came from the United Nations, where SecretaryGeneral Ban Kimoon praised the peaceful nature of the protests and voiced his hopes that authorities in the country would ``seize this opportunity to engage without delay in dialogue with all the relevant parties to the national reconciliation process.''

Speaking at the United Nations General Assembly, US President George W. Bush tightened economic sanctions against leaders of the regime and also urged other nations to apply pressure.

"The United States will tighten economic sanctions on the leaders of the regime and their financial backers, and we will impose an expanded visa ban on those responsible for the most egregious violations of human rights," President George W. Bush said in a speech to the UN General Assembly.

Britain's Prime Minister Gordon Brown said the protests had shown the failure of the country's regime to demonstrate that real political change was possible.

"It is vital that the Burmese authorities exercise restraint in the face of the demonstrators, and seize the opportunity to launch a process of real political reform,'' Brown wrote in a letter sent to UN SecretaryGeneral BanKimoon and Portuguese Prime Minister Jose Socrates, whose country holds the EU presidency.

"It is disturbing that they are now threatening to use force against the demonstrators,'' Brown wrote. ``Violent suppression of the demonstrations would be a tragedy and another missed opportunity for Burma.''

Britain's Foreign Secretary David Miliband said Aung San Suu Kyi should take her place as elected leader of Burma.

Suu Kyi, who is held under house arrest in Rangoon by the military junta, appeared outside her house last week as a gesture of support the marchers. Unconfirmed reports said she has been relocated to a highsecurity prison.

French President Nicolas Sarkozy hit out at the crackdown on protests and said he would meet in Paris with exiled opposition figures to express his support.

"Tomorrow I will receive a delegation from the Burmese opposition in exile," Sarkozy said at a press conference on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly session here.

Swedish Aid Minister Gunilla Carlsson said the eyes of the world were now on Burma, while German Chancellor Angela Merkel called for the UN Security Council again to consider the situation in Burma

"We can only hope that things continue there without bloodshed,'' Merkel told reporters in New York, where she was attending the UN General Assembly meeting.

Nobel Peace laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu praised the ``courage of the people of Burma'' in backing the demonstrations, which have grown steadily and are now led by Buddhist monks.

"It is so like the rolling mass action that eventually toppled apartheid'' in South Africa, Tutu said in a statement.

Leading donor Japan urged Myanmar's rulers "to remain calm, not to react in an extreme fashion."

"The public will has been expressed by the people who are marching on the streets," said foreign ministry spokesman Tomohiko Taniguchihe.

European Union spokesman Amadeu Altafaj Tardio said the 27nation bloc was watching the situation closely, but that it was not now considering an expansion of sanctions against the junta.

Stability and peace ``can only be achieved through political reform,'' said a statement issued by the office of EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana, who was at the United Nations in New York where Burma was being discussed at the opening of the UN's General Assembly.

Australia's Foreign Minister Alexander Downer urged China, India and Asean, of which Burma is a member, to exert their influence on the regime, arguing their stance would carry more clout than the West.

"I think the voices that the Burmese military leadership hear the loudest are the voices of China and India," Downer said.

However, China said it would stick to its policy of noninterference.

"As a friendly neighbouring country of Myanmar (Burma), China hopes to see stability and economic development in Myanmar," foreign ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu said, calling on the government to "properly handle" the situation.

China is widely regarded to have been vital in keeping the military regime afloat through its deep economic links and arms sales, as well as by shielding it against UN sanctions for alleged human rights abuses.

In the 10 years since it joined Asean, Burma has proved a major headache for the region's budding democracies, who have been admonished by the West for failing to press for reforms.

The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) said in a statement that the council must meet "to respond to the serious deterioration in the human rights situation over recent months", whileHuman Rights Watch and Amnesty Intenational made a similar request.

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MYANMAR (BURMA): TEAR GAS USED ON MONKS, DOZENS ARRESTED

(AGI) - Yangon, 26 September - Dozens of monks have been roughed up by security forces in front of the Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon, one of the nerve centres of the protests of recent days. It comes in a renewed attempt by the military government, which has ruled Myanmar (former Burma) with an iron fist for the past forty years, to quash a re-start to the protest marching. Teargas was also used by police in Yangon.

Eye-witnesses speak of 80 arrests.

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Technology puts Myanmar protests in international eye

Myanmar's swelling protests are in the global spotlight with the help of hi-tech gadgets in the era of YouTube -- a stark contrast to the 1988 uprising in the pre-Internet age.

The peaceful protests, led by Buddhist monks, have turned into the biggest mass movement since the military regime violently quelled student-led protests in 1988, killing at least 3,000 people.

Those massacres happened far from the world's view because Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, was then sealed off from the outside world before the age of the Internet and cell phones.

But 20 years later, monk-led rallies have received wide coverage in the international media thanks to the Internet, mobile phones and digital cameras, which have proved more powerful than the junta's censors.

"The technology is making a huge difference. Now everyone in the world can know what is happening in Burma via the Internet," said Sein Win, managing editor of Mizzima News, an India-based news group run by exiled dissidents,

"It is a reality of globalisation. Whether the junta likes it or not, the government cannot isolate itself from the international community," Sein Win said.

Since the protest broke out in Yangon on August 19 after a massive hike in fuel prices, the government has tightened Internet access across the nation that has been under military rule since 1962.

But some 200 Internet cafes in Yangon have continued to operate, drawing tech-savvy university students who have transmitted pictures and video clips taken on mobile phones and digital cameras around the clock.

"Young people know how to get around Internet controls. Not just from Yangon, we received pictures and video clips from Mandalay," said Aung Din, policy director of US Campaign for Burma, a Washington-based democracy lobbying group. Mandalay is the second largest city after Yangon.

Aung Din, who joined the 1988 uprising, said he was overwhelmed by the difference between now and then.

"In 1988, we did not have the Internet or even phones to get our message out of Burma. Nobody in the international community knew about the 1988 uprising. But the world knows about the current protests. It's just amazing," Aung Din said.

The California-based Mandalay Gazette said it has received dozens of pictures and video clips every day from Myanmar.

"Students and even monks are using mobile phones and digital cameras. Everyone can send us pictures. In a way, the Internet makes everybody equal," said one US-based editor who declined to be named.

The Paris-based Reporters Without Borders has called Myanmar a "paradise for censors" and listed the military-ruled nation as one of the world's most restrictive for press freedoms.

The military government attempts to block almost every website that carries news or information about the Southeast Asian country, and even bars access to web-based email.

© 2006 AFP
This story is sourced direct from an overseas news agency as an additional service to readers. Spelling follows North American usage, along with foreign currency and measurement units.

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Bush at the UN: a war criminal lectures the world on “human rights”

By Bill Van Auken
26 September 2007

George W. Bush delivered his next to the last annual address to the United Nations General Assembly Tuesday. Taking the same podium that he used five years ago to condemn the world body to “irrelevance” if it failed to rubber stamp his plans for a war of aggression against Iraq, Bush cast his regime in Washington as the world’s greatest champion of human rights and its most generous and selfless benefactor.

That the assembled UN delegates could sit through and then politely applaud such a hypocritical harangue from a man who is without rival as the world’s greatest war criminal is testimony to the spinelessness and complicity of both the world’s governments and the United Nations itself.

While Bush made only the barest mention of either Iran or Iraq in his address, everyone in the hall was well aware that he is attempting once again to utilize the world body—much as his administration did five years ago in relation to purported Iraqi “weapons of mass destruction”—to secure a phony pretext for another war of aggression, this time against Iran.

No doubt Bush’s handlers in Washington recognized that to deliver a belligerent speech demanding action by the UN against Iran would only recall the lies and intimidation used by the US administration in 2002-2003 to prepare its war against Iraq.

Since then, an estimated 1 million Iraqis have been killed and nearly 4 million more turned into refugees as a result of the unprovoked US invasion with its “shock and awe” bombardments and the subsequent occupation that has destroyed every aspect of Iraqi society.

So instead, Bush came before the assembled delegates in the most improbable guise, as the apostle of liberty, equality and the rights of man.

He began his speech by hailing the founding document of the UN drafted more than six decades ago, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, asserting that this formal declaration in support of freedom, justice and peace “must guide our work in this world.”

“When innocent people are trapped in a life of murder and fear, the Declaration is not being upheld,” he declared. Who does the American president think he is kidding? Where on the face of the planet are more men, women and children “trapped in a life of murder and fear” than in US-occupied Iraq? The death toll for Iraqis has been estimated as high as 1,000 a week due to US military operations, the murderous rampage of mercenaries who kill with impunity and the sectarian violence unleashed by the country’s devastation at the hands of Washington.

Bush declared that the UN must work “to free people from tyranny and violence, hunger and disease, illiteracy and ignorance, and poverty and despair,” adding that “every member of the United Nations must join in this mission of liberation.”

In the Orwellian language favored by the right-wing ideologues in the Bush administration, “liberation” is continuously invoked as the description for the war to impose semi-colonial domination by the US over Iraq and its oil wealth. And it is this “mission” undertaken by means of an eruption of American militarism that Bush demands the world body sanction and support.

Bush continued by invoking the first article of the Universal Declaration, which affirms that “all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.” The greatest threat to this principle, he claimed, comes from “terrorists and extremists.” Therefore, he argued, “all civilized nations” must join the US in its global war on terrorism.

Bush then moved on to other subjects, a wise move, given that a more detailed citation of the Universal Declaration would have sounded like a war crimes indictment against his own administration.

It includes, for example, the injunction that “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment,” a principle that the Bush White House has explicitly repudiated, both by renouncing the Geneva Conventions and subjecting those detained in the US “war on terror” to waterboarding, beatings, sensory deprivation, sexual humiliation and other forms of torture and degrading treatment.

The declaration affirms that “No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile,” practices that the Bush administration has carried out with impunity, through the holding of detainees without charges, not only at the infamous detention facilities in Guantánamo and Abu Ghraib, but also at secret CIA prisons around the world. It has introduced “extraordinary rendition” into the lexicon of foreign policy, a discreet term for kidnapping people, drugging them and then sending them in hoods and chains to other countries so that they can be tortured.

And there is also the clause of the declaration asserting that “No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence.” This is a principle that the administration has explicitly violated in relation to the American people, not to mention the rest of the world, through the massive illegal domestic spying operation organized through the National Security Agency.

Given his administration’s infamous reputation, the world’s horror over the unfolding debacle in Iraq and the mounting fears that an even worse catastrophe is about to be unleashed in Iran, it appeared that those who drafted Bush’s speech thought it was a good time to change the subject.

Why Myanmar?

Thus, a major thrust of his remarks—and the issue that garnered by far the greatest press coverage—was the American president’s announcement that he is ordering a tightening of economic sanctions against Myanmar (Burma).

He declared: “Americans are outraged by the situation in Burma, where a military junta has imposed a 19-year reign of fear.” While no doubt the corrupt military regime that rules the country has carried out brutal repression against its people, the claim that “Americans are outraged” by these practices is belied by the fact that given the virtual failure of either the administration or the mass media to pay any attention to the developments there, most Americans know nothing about them.

Bush’s new measures were hardly sweeping, amounting to further restrictions on visas for Myanmar officials and their families and financial sanctions against the ruling junta and its backers.

The pretense that the Bush administration’s concerns lie with the aspirations of the people of Myanmar, who have taken to the streets in recent days in mass demonstrations, is farcical. The US government has supported and directly installed countless military dictatorships from Indonesia to Chile, helping them to carry out far worse atrocities than the Burmese junta in suppressing their own people.

Rather, under mantle of “liberation” and “democracy,” US imperialism is once again pursuing its own strategic interests, attempting to bring to power a pro-American government that would open up the country to exploitation by US capital. Given the Myanmar government’s close economic and political relations with neighboring China, such an exercise in regime change would significantly advance Washington’s attempts to challenge Beijing for supremacy in the region, while steadily working to militarily encircle China.

Also invoked as targets for the American-led “mission of liberation” were the governments of Iran, Cuba, Zimbabwe, Sudan, Belarus, North Korea and Syria, all of which Washington has presumably found guilty and sentenced to be overthrown.

Continuing with his invocation of the Universal Declaration, Bush cited a passage affirming that “everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food and clothing and housing and medical care.”

He used this clause to engage in a round of shameless and deceptive self-congratulation, proclaiming US benevolence in the distribution of food internationally and, in particular, in assistance to the campaign to combat AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.

The reality, as the news agency Reuters reported earlier this month, is that “food donations to the world’s hungry have fallen to their lowest level since 1973.” The impending crisis, which threatens starvation for sections of the world’s 850 million people facing hunger, is driven by the capitalist market. Food prices have soared, in no small part due to the drive by the US to promote the production of corn-based ethanol as an alternative to gasoline.

As for AIDS funding, Bush’s presentation of Washington’s role obscures the fact that the US ranks fifth among donor nations relative to the size of their national economies. Inadequate funding for the programs—as well as restrictions imposed on the use of US aid crafted to please the Christian right—means that millions of Africans will be denied any treatment.

Meanwhile, US aid as a whole amounts to a paltry sum compared to the vast wealth that Wall Street appropriates from the rest of the world and is utilized largely as a weapon to facilitate this global looting process. In 1970, international donor nations signed an agreement that they would assign 0.7 percent of their national incomes to foreign aid. While no country has come close to donating this amount, in the US last year aid amounted to just 0.17 percent of gross national income.

Finally, Bush warmed up to his subject, citing the Universal Declaration’s assertion of the “right to work” and to “just and favorable conditions of work” as an argument for free-market capitalism and the tearing down of all barriers to the exploitation of the world’s economy by the transnational banks and corporations.

Bush closed his remarks with a demand that the UN reform itself, again invoking “the American people” and their supposed disappointment with the functioning of the world body’s Human Rights Council. In essence, Bush demanded that the council focus on denouncing Cuba, Venezuela, North Korea and Iran and halt its criticism of Israel for killing civilians in Lebanon and suppressing the Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank.

Behind Bush’s criticism is the embarrassing reality that Washington has chosen for the last two years not to seek a seat on the Human Rights Council for fear that it would fail to get the necessary votes.

The successive revelations over Abu Ghraib, Guantánamo, extraordinary renditions and CIA torture—not to mention the continued use of the death penalty at home—makes the US the most fitting target for human rights charges. Yet it presumes to dictate to the world which countries should be investigated and which should not. Naturally those where Washington is seeking regime change—such as Iran, Cuba and Venezuela—are vilified, while those despotic regimes considered strategic allies of the US—Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Israel, Washington’s chief ally in suppressing the Arab masses—are declared above suspicion.

Bush’s appearance before the UN General Assembly was an entirely predictable exercise in imperialist arrogance, rank hypocrisy and double-talk in service of American big business. In the final analysis, his speech was probably more significant for what it omitted than for the American president’s absurd posturing as a crusader for human rights and universal liberation. Behind the virtual silence on Iraq and Iran, new and more terrible crimes are being prepared.

See Also:
Iranian president speaks at Columbia University amidst media frenzy
[25 September 2007]

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The time to speak out on Burma is now

JON UNGPHAKORN

I was going to begin my first column for the Bangkok Post by expressing my views on our government's suffocation of internet freedom, but that will have to wait till next week.

The present situation in Burma (officially called "Myanmar" by the governing military junta) requires me to urgently call upon our government (established by our own home-made military junta), to relinquish its wimpish "non-interference" position on the Burmese domestic situation, and tell the Burmese regime in no uncertain terms that any use of violence to crack down on the peaceful mass demonstrations for democracy and social justice taking place all over country, will be completely unacceptable to Thailand.

The Asean community as a whole should also openly press the junta to defuse the situation by releasing Aung San Suu Kyi and other political prisoners, and to immediately hold negotiations with her and other political leaders on a new time-table for rapid transition to democracy. This is the only peaceful way out left to the military regime, and is in the full interest of stability and peace, not only in Burma, but throughout the region.

As a former member of the Senate, I am a member of the Asean Inter-Parliamentary Myanmar Caucus (AIPMC). We are the first grouping of parliamentarians from all countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (except Laos and Vietnam for the time being), who actively campaign together to support democracy in Burma. We try not to be hypocritical by also recognising the need to promote democratic reforms in our own countries. We believe that Asean countries cannot realistically adhere to the present policy of "non-interference" in one another's internal affairs. This is because events in one country often affect its neighbours and sometimes the whole region.

One example is the yearly forest fires in Indonesia that have caused severe smog in Singapore, Malaysia and southern Thailand. Another is the violent situation in the southern border provinces of Thailand that obviously affects Malaysia.

AIPMC believes that Asean countries should get into the habit of discussing and expressing opinions on internal issues within a member country where those issues affect fundamental human rights within the country, the welfare of people in other countries of the region, or the Asean community as a whole.

No one can really argue with the fact that the domestic situation in Burma has had immense impact on the Asean community as a whole, and particularly on Thailand.

Thailand hosts over 300,000 Burmese refugees due to gross violations of human rights, mass violence and rape, and forced internal displacement of rural communities by the Burmese military.

We also host over two million migrant workers from Burma (both documented and undocumented) due to the severe economic hardships within that country.

Communicable diseases (some previously extinct here) are crossing the border due to the lack of proper health services in Burma. Illicit drugs are smuggled across the border for mass consumption in Thailand.

Our military has to keep its forces concentrated on protecting the border with Burma.

How can anyone possibly say that the domestic situation in Burma is none of our business? Is our government prepared to keep silent and meekly allow yet another violent crackdown on mass demonstrations which could result in a new wave of refugees coming to Thailand?

The welfare of the people of Burma is entwined with the welfare of the Asean community as a whole.

The peaceful marches and rallies across Burma, led by the Buddhist monks, are an exciting move by the Burmese people to claim their democratic rights.

However, successive military regimes have consistently suppressed such movements with violent force.

Democracy supporters across the world are holding their breath. Now is the right time for the Thai government and all Asean governments to speak out.

Jon Ungphakorn is a former elected senator for Bangkok and at present Chairman of the Thai NGO Coordinating Committee on Development. Comments are welcome at: ungjon@usa.net

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Bush slaps new sanctions on Myanmar rulers

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US President George W. Bush addresses the 62nd UN General Asssembly at the United Nations. Bush on Tuesday imposed new US sanctions on Myanmar's military rulers and their supporters, and urged global support for efforts to advance democratic reforms there.

UNITED NATIONS (AFP) — US President George W. Bush on Tuesday unveiled new sanctions on Myanmar's military rulers and urged global pressure for democratic reforms to end the junta's decades-old "reign of fear."

As world powers warned the generals in Yangon against using force to break up the biggest protests in two decades, Bush called on the UN General Assembly to side with the demonstrators and "help bring peaceful change" there.

"Americans are outraged by the situation in Burma, where a military junta has imposed a 19-year reign of fear," he said. "The ruling junta remains unyielding, yet the people's desire for freedom is unmistakable."

After he spoke, the junta imposed a dusk-till-dawn curfew on Yangon effective Wednesday and declared the entire city a military "restricted" area -- a term normally reserved for military or conflict zones.

The restrictions will be in place for 60 days, and a similar order was imposed in the second city of Mandalay, according to an official announcement that warned against gathering in groups of more than five people.

Earlier, the military sped at least 200 armed soldiers and riot police in downtown Yangon, after Buddhist monks defied warnings of a crackdown and led 100,000 people in another day of peaceful protests against the regime.

This week's protests are the biggest public show of dissent since student-led rallies in 1988 were brutally repressed with hundreds, if not thousands, of lives lost.

"The United States will tighten economic sanctions on the leaders of the regime and their financial backers. We will impose an expanded visa ban on those responsible for the most egregious violations of human rights, as well as their family members," Bush said.

"We will continue to support the efforts of humanitarian groups working to alleviate suffering in Burma and urge the United Nations and all nations to use their diplomatic and economic leverage to help the Burmese people reclaim their freedom."

He noted the military had detained Myanmar democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi, whose opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) won elections in 1990 that the military never recognized. She has spent most of the past 18 years under house arrest in Yangon.

The military has held power in Myanmar in one form or another since 1962, but tightened its grip in a 1988 crackdown, and refused to accept Aung San Suu Kyi's electoral victory.

Bush's remarks came as European ambassadors were Tuesday to hold their first talks on Myanmar since the latest protests began, an EU spokesman said, and as Britain called for a tougher stance against the regime.

But it was unlikely that any decision would be made during the day to toughen up EU sanctions, which were reinforced in April, said one participating European diplomat.

Burma Campaign UK assistant director Mark Farmaner praised Bush for showing the world the way to deal with the regime.

"It will certainly do good," he told AFP. "Once again the US is miles out in the lead in terms of supporting Burma's democracy movement, putting the rest of the world to shame."

Farmaner, citing existing US investment and imports bans, praised both Bush and his predecessor Bill Clinton for resisting intensive lobbying from US petroleum countries for them to ease the restrictions.

In contrast, Farmaner said the EU's sanctions were ineffective and had not restricted oil and gas revenue for the regime but instead targeted state-owned companies, including a pineapple juice factory and tailor's shops.

The so-called "pineapple sanctions" include a visa ban, but officials travelling to Europe on diplomatic missions are exempt, he said.

"What we need is a combination of economic and political pressure. The EU has no strategy towards Burma. It is divided," he said, calling for "targeted, smart sanctions" to hit the regime where it hurts -- in the pocket."

In his speech, Bush also scolded the United Nations for not doing enough to challenge repressive governments, citing Belarus, North Korea, Syria and Iran, as well as Cuba, Zimbabwe and Sudan.

Bush also called for overhauling the UN human rights council which, he charged, overly criticizes Israel while turning a blind eye to abuses elsewhere.

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Britain wants to see Suu Kyi installed in power

Wednesday, 26 September , 2007, 01:40

London: The British government called for opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi to be installed in "her rightful place" as the leader of Myanmar.

Foreign Secretary David Miliband, speaking at the Labour Party congress in Bournemouth, southern Britain, said it was "brilliant" to see Suu Kyi "alive and well" outside her home in Yangon last week.

"I think it will be a hundred times better when she takes her rightful place as the elected leader of a free and democratic Burma," Miliband told delegates, calling Myanmar by its old name.

Earlier, Prime Minister Gordon Brown called for "immediate international action" - including discussions at the UN Security Council - to prevent a threatened military crackdown on protesters in Myanmar.

Brown urged the military regime in Yangon to "exercise restraint".

"We have all been watching with concern the unfolding human tragedy in Burma, which requires immediate international action," Brown wrote in letters to the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN).

"Violent suppression of the demonstrations would be a tragedy and another missed opportunity for Burma," wrote Brown. He called on the United Nations to encourage Myanmar's key regional neighbours to urge the authorities in Yangon to "pursue reconciliation".

Brown made his appeals in letters to the current holder of the presidency of the European Union, Portuguese Prime Minister Jose Socrates, and United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon.

The European Union (EU) also Tuesday urged Myanmar government to exercise "maximum restraint" in handling the current street protests.

"We are very concerned by the situation in Burma (Myanmar) following what I stress are peaceful protest by Buddhist monks and many people from civil society," said Amadeu Altafaj Tardio, a spokesman for the EU's development and humanitarian aid commission.

"So far no violence has been used to quell the peaceful demos. However, we are also concerned by an increasing military presence in the streets (that has become) more and more visible. We are therefore urging all stakeholders, particularly the government, to exercise maximum restraint," Altafaj Tardio added.

His comments were echoed by the EU's foreign policy chief, Javier Solana, who called on Myanmar regime to push through political reforms, release political prisoners and grant "fundamental rights and freedoms" to its citizens.

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West warns Myanmar, China and India stay quiet

Tue 25 Sep 2007, 14:17 GMT
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LONDON, Sept 25 (Reuters) - The United States announced new sanctions on Myanmar on Tuesday and urged others to follow suit as fears rose that military rulers would crack down on the Asian nation's biggest pro-democracy protests in nearly 20 years.

Europe and Japan urged restraint but reaction from Myanmar's key neighbours India and China was muted as the junta poured troops into the centre of the main city Yangon.

Soldiers and armed police surrounded the Sule Pagoda, focus of two days of mass protests led by thousands of maroon-robed Buddhist monks, witnesses said.

President George W. Bush announced new U.S. sanctions against Myanmar's military rulers and urged other countries to follow suit, saying Americans were "outraged" by rights abuses.

"The United States will tighten economic sanctions on the leaders of the regime and their financial backers," he said in his annual address to the U.N. General Assembly in New York.

"We will impose an expanded visa ban on those responsible for the most egregious violations of human rights."

Yangon's pagoda area was the scene of the worst bloodshed in a 1988 crackdown on protests in which 3,000 people are thought to have been killed. Myanmar has had 45 years of military rule.

The European Union urged the government and protesters "to exercise maximum restraint".

"So far no violence has been used to quell the peaceful demonstrations. However, we are also concerned by an increasing military presence on the streets -- more and more visible," said a spokesman for the EU's executive Commission.

British Prime Minister Gordon Brown urged fellow EU heads of state to agree to "warn the Burmese government that we are watching their behaviour and that the EU will impose tougher sanctions if they make the wrong choices".

"We need concerted international action to discourage violence. We need to stand together," he wrote to U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.

France said it was warning Yangon against force "to repress the just political and social claims of the Myanmar people".

Japan, in a Foreign Ministry statement, urged Myanmar to respond calmly and "take seriously the wishes of the people as evidenced by the demonstrations and begin talks with a view to achieving reconciliation and democratisation".

QUIET GIANTS

But Myanmar's two biggest and most influential neighbours were reluctant to get publicly involved.

"China always adopts a policy of non-interference," said a Foreign Ministry spokeswoman. "China hopes to see stability and economic development in Myanmar."

"It is too early to say anything," said an Indian Foreign Ministry official, who did not want to be named.

South Africa's Archbishop Desmond Tutu praised protesters he said walked in the footsteps of the anti-apartheid movement.

"It is so like the rolling mass action that eventually toppled apartheid," the Nobel peace laureate said.

"We admire our brave sisters and brothers in Burma/Myanmar and want them to know we support their peaceful protests to end a vicious rule of oppression and injustice," he said.

"Victory is assured. They are on the winning side, the side of freedom, justice and democracy."

He called on the United Nations and international community to press Myanmar's junta to release opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi, also a winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, and all political detainees, and allow the establishment of democracy.

Louise Arbour, the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights, said visibility was a measure of protection.

"These demonstrations have attracted much more media coverage than in the past and that gives hope that there will not be completely unacceptable reprisals," she said in Geneva.

Gareth Evans, head of the International Crisis Group think-tank, said: "The regime has a long history of violent reactions to peaceful demonstrations.

"If serious loss of life is to be averted, U.N. members with influence over the government are going to have to come together fast," he said, referring to China, Russia and India.

Myanmar police fire warning shots

YANGON, Myanmar (AP) -- Thousands of Buddhist monks and pro-democracy activists marched toward the center of Yangon Wednesday in defiance of the military government's ban on public assembly.

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A Buddhist monk holds an alms bowl upside-down as a symbol of protest.

The march followed a tense confrontation between the protesters and riot police who fired warning shots, beat some monks and dragged others away into waiting trucks.

The junta had banned all public gatherings of more than five people and imposed a nighttime curfew following eight days of anti-government marches led by monks in Yangon and other areas of the country, including the largest in nearly two decades.

Firing shots into the air, beating their shields with batons and shouting orders to disperse, the police chased some of the monks and about 200 of their supporters, while others tried to stubbornly hold their place near the eastern gate to the vast shrine complex.

Some fell to the ground amid the chaos and at least one monk was seen struck with a baton.

When faced with a similar crisis in 1988, the government harshly put down a student-led democracy uprising. Security forces fired into crowds of peaceful demonstrators and killed thousands, traumatizing the nation.

A comedian famed for his anti-government jibes was the first well-known activist rounded up since the curfew.

Zarganar, who uses only one name, was taken away from his home by authorities shortly after midnight, with family members saying authorities told them the 45-year-old had been "called in for temporary questioning."

Zarganar, along with actor Kyaw Thu and poet Aung Way, led a committee that provided food and other necessities to the Buddhist monks who have spearheaded the protests. He earlier had been imprisoned twice and his comedy routines were banned for their satirical jokes about the regime.

The fates of the actor and poet were not immediately known.

Earlier Tuesday, the army began deploying troops in the heart of Yangon after tens of thousands of people led by barefoot monks in maroon robes defied orders to stay off the streets and marched for the eighth straight day against the junta.

Troops were also seen gathering at a military center in Mandalay and military trucks rumbled through the streets of both cities late into the night, witnesses said.

The potential for a violent crackdown had already aroused international concern, with pleas for the junta to deal peacefully with the situation coming from government and religious leaders worldwide. They included the Dalai Lama and South Africa's Archbishop Desmond Tutu, both Nobel Peace Prize laureates like detained Myanmar opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi.

President Bush announced new U.S. sanctions against Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, accusing the military dictatorship of imposing "a 19-year reign of fear" that denies basic freedoms of speech, assembly and worship.

"Americans are outraged by the situation in Burma," Bush said in an address to the U.N. General Assembly in New York.

Bush said the U.S. would tighten economic sanctions on leaders of the regime and their financial backers, and impose an expanded visa ban on those responsible for human-rights violations and their families.

The European Union also threatened to strengthen existing sanctions against the regime if it uses violence to put down the demonstrations.

"We reiterate our call on the authorities in Burma/Myanmar not to use violence against people who are committed to non-violence, and to pursue genuine reconciliation and negotiation," the statement said.

French President Nicolas Sarkozy said he is "extremely preoccupied" with the situation in Myanmar and planned to meet Burmese government opponents in Paris. Britain's Foreign Secretary David Miliband said Suu Kyi should take her place as elected leader of the country, and British Prime Minister Gordon Brown urged the junta to exercise restraint in the face of the protests.

The protests could also bring increased scrutiny on China's close relations with Myanmar. China is the country's major trading partner and Chinese energy companies are investing in exploration of natural gas in Myanmar.

Myanmar has about 19 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gas reserves, only about 0.3 percent of the world's total reserves, according to BP's Statistical Review of World Energy at the end of 2006. Although it doesn't currently export gas to China, its supply could potentially help feed a rapidly growing Chinese economy hungry for energy.

Myanmar's imposition of new restrictions after a week of relative inaction by the military government throws down a challenge to its opponents, testing their mettle when faced with almost certain arrest.

It was not clear what the penalty for defying the curfew would be. But breaking the section of the law restricting gatherings carries a possible jail term of two years.

The new restrictions were announced late at night, and many residents did not seem aware of them.

The current protests began on August 19 after the government hiked fuel prices in one of Asia's poorest countries. But they are based in deep-rooted dissatisfaction with the repressive military rule that has gripped the country since 1962.

The protests were faltering when the monks took the lead last week, assuming the role of a moral conscience they played in previous struggles against British colonialism and military dictators.

At least 35,000 Buddhist monks and sympathizers defied official warnings Tuesday and staged another anti-government march.

"The protest is not merely for the well-being of people but also for monks struggling for democracy and for people to have an opportunity to determine their own future," one monk told The Associated Press. "People do not tolerate the military government any longer." He spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of official reprisals.

On Monday, a massive monk-led protest drew as many as 100,000 people in Yangon -- the biggest street protest since the failed 1988 uprising.

Authorities in cars cruised Yangon's streets Tuesday morning, announcing the clergy had been directed not to take part in "secular affairs" and saying that certain elements were trying to instigate unrest.

The head of the country's official Buddhist organization, or Sangha, issued a directive Monday ordering monks to stick to learning and propagating the faith, saying young monks were being "compelled by a group of destructive elements within and without to break the law," the state-run New Light of Myanmar newspaper said.

A monk who addressed the crowd at the end of the march vowed the protests would continue until the government apologizes for mistreating monks at an earlier demonstration in northern Myanmar. But the protests are also aimed at pressuring the junta to make moves to restoring democracy.

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Myanmar cracks down on protesters

Buddhist monks and their supporters take part in a protest march in Yangon
©AFP

YANGON (AFP) - Myanmar security forces beat hundreds of protesters with batons Wednesday and arrested dozens more as they moved to crush nine days of mass rallies that have shaken the country's military rulers.

A day after warning that the biggest show of dissent here in 20 years would no longer be tolerated, police baton-charged hundreds of students and Buddhist monks who had defied the decree to gather at Myanmar's holiest shrine.

Witnesses said dozens of protesters, including some of the revered monks who have helped turn public anger into a mass nationwide movement in just a few days, were detained during the clashes in the main city of Yangon.

After the crowd scattered in the frenzy of beatings, armed soldiers used barbed wire to cordon off the area around the Shewdagon Pagoda. About 500 monks were believed to be holed up inside.

Buddhist monks marching in protest in Yangon
©AFP/MizzimaNews/File

It was the first time authorities in this impoverished and secretive country, which has been in the grip of the ruling generals for decades, had used violence to break up the recent series of protests.

But a human chain surrounded 200 monks who gathered in a separate demonstration in Yangon, where crowds of 100,000 people have taken to the streets in recent days in defiance of the junta.

Troops fired tear gas as the number of demonstrators started to grow.

The clash conjured memories of the last big showdown between the people and the junta in 1988, when similar mass demonstrations ended with security forces opening fire. Around 3,000 people were killed.

Protests have also been held in other cities in Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, in recent days. It was not immediately known if security forces elsewhere were also cracking down.

A Buddhist monk speaks to the crowd of supporters
©AFP

Authorities had ordered a dusk-to-dawn curfew late Tuesday, and troops poured into the streets Wednesday morning, stretching barbed wire across roads and standing guard at pagodas to try to stave off any new effort to protest.

Troops also deployed outside the headquarters of the National League for Democracy (NLD), the opposition party headed by pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi -- a Nobel Peace Prize winner who has long been under house arrest.

"We will continue our marching. We are doing this for the well-being and safety of the people," one senior monk told AFP.

"We have already decided to risk our lives for the people, although there might be some clashes," he said.

The unrest began last month when the junta drastically raised the price of fuel overnight. The move left many here unable to afford even transport to their jobs, piling on the misery in one of Asia's poorest nations.

A picture of Aung San Suu Kyi hangs on the wall of the opposition party National League of Democracy headquarters in Yangon
©AFP/File

The initial protests -- rare enough in a country where the military quickly crushes any show of dissent -- began with only a handful of demonstrators marching through the streets.

But hundreds of people began lining the streets to cheer them on. After the monks joined the movement, the numbers of protesters swelled. Around 100,000 people marched in Yangon on Monday and Tuesday.

The possibility of a violent reaction from the regime has drawn sharp criticism of the regime from the international community.

At the United Nations this week, US President George W. Bush announced new sanctions on Myanmar.

"Americans are outraged by the situation in Burma, where a military junta has imposed a 19-year reign of fear," he told the UN General Assembly.

Supporters of the Buddhist monks march down a street in downtown Yangon
©AFP

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Monks arrested, tear gassed at Myanmar pagoda: witness

By Aung Hla Tun

YANGON (Reuters) - Myanmar security forces sealed off Yangon's Shwedagon Pagoda on Wednesday, fired tear gas and arrested up to 200 monks trying to get into the shrine, cracking down on the biggest anti-junta protests in nearly 20 years.

But despite a heavy deployment of troop and riot police at key points across the city, 500 monks marched towards the downtown Sule Pagoda area, the end-point of a week of peaceful protests, witnesses said.

Others joined them along the way, swelling their ranks.

Witnesses and monk sources said some of the deeply revered Buddhist clergy were beaten and manhandled by riot police taking them away from the Shwedagon Pagoda, starting point of the past week's monk-led protests against 45 years of military rule.

Witnesses said they heard no gunshots, but they said security forces burnt plastic pipes to make acrid smoke which filled the air around the pagoda.

The atmosphere at the gilded Shwedagon shrine was "very tense", one witness said, with onlookers angry at the use of violence against the maroon-clad monks.

But the numbers of monks there were far fewer than on Monday or Tuesday after troops and riot police took up positions outside at least six big activist monasteries.

There was also a heavy security presence at the Sule Pagoda, a clear sign the generals were trying to prevent more mass marches.

Hundreds of soldiers waited in a park behind Sule Pagoda, the scene of some of the worst bloodshed when troops opened fire on protesters in 1988, the former Burma's last major uprising.

Then, as many as 3,000 people are thought to have been killed. Now, there are fears around the world of a repetition and Western governments have appealed to the generals to show restraint in the face of protests which had been peaceful.

"This is a test of wills between the only two institutions in the country that have enough power to mobilize nationally," said Bradley Babson, a retired World Bank official who worked in the former Burma.

"Between those two institutions, one of them will crack," he said. "If they take overt violence against the monks, they risk igniting the population against them."

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First deaths as Myanmar reacts to street protests

The military rulers of Myanmar, the former Burma, have spoken for the first time about the pro-democracy demonstrations, admitting that at least one person has been killed.

The UN Security Council meets tonight to discuss how to react to the violence.

Clashes between demonstrators and riot police have left a reported five people dead, and many more injured. This latest day of protests was again led by monks and nuns; the five victims are all believed to be monks.

Reports from Yangon say troops fired warning shots and tear gas to break up demonstrations, arresting hundreds of people.

Pictures of the protests have been smuggled out of the former capital. Other marches and demonstrations have apparently been taking place in towns and cities across Myanmar.

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UN Council Holds Emergency Meeting on Myanmar Crisis (Update2)

By Bill Varner

Sept. 26 (Bloomberg) -- The United Nations Security Council held an emergency meeting today on Myanmar after the Southeast Asian nation's military junta imposed a curfew in the former capital, Yangon, and police used force on protesters. At least one person was killed.

British Ambassador John Sawers suggested that it was unlikely the Security Council would agree on any position on the crisis. He referred to the ``wide range of views,'' without specifically mentioning past Chinese and Russian resistance to action by the UN's highest body.

UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon is sending his envoy for Myanmar, Ibrahim Gambari, back to the country and asked the military rulers there to ``exercise utmost restraint toward the peaceful demonstrations.'' Gambari is briefing the Security Council before heading to Myanmar.

The protests are the biggest show of defiance against the junta since a pro-democracy uprising 19 years ago. That revolt was crushed when the army killed 1,000 protesters on Aug. 8, 1988, and an estimated 3,000 others in the weeks afterward, according to the U.S. State Department.

A 30-year-old man was shot dead when security forces opened fire on a crowd, the Associated Press reported, citing the government.

World `Watching'

U.K. Prime Minister Gordon Brown earlier today called for Security Council action, saying the junta in Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, faces international scrutiny. Agreement on a statement would have to overcome resistance from China and Russia, which vetoed a U.S.-drafted resolution in June that would have pressed the Burmese government to free political prisoners and move toward democracy.

Russian Deputy Ambassador Konstantin Dolgov told reporters before the meeting that the situation in Myanmar wasn't a ``threat to international peace and security,'' the criterion for council involvement.

The military was using batons and tear gas, Charles Petrie, the UN humanitarian coordinator in Myanmar, said in a telephone interview from the city. Officials warned civilians over megaphones not to take part in protests, British Ambassador Mark Canning said by phone.

Appeal to China

U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Christopher Hill plans to urge Chinese officials to use their influence to persuade the Myanmar regime to avoid violence, State Department spokesman Tom Casey said in Washington. Hill is in Beijing for a meeting with envoys of North Korea and four other nations involved in talks to end the North Korean nuclear program.

President George W. Bush yesterday announced new U.S. sanctions on Myanmar and asked the UN to pressure the regime to end its ``reign of fear'' in the country.

``The ruling junta remains unyielding, yet the people's desire for freedom is unmistakable,'' Bush told the General Assembly in New York. Member states must use their ``diplomatic and economic leverage'' on the regime, he added.

The U.S. will tighten economic sanctions on junta leaders ``and their financial backers'' and expand a visa ban ``on those most responsible for the egregious violations of human rights,'' Bush said. The U.S. already bans all imports from Myanmar, restricts financial transactions and prohibits new investment in the country.

In Brussels, the European Union said today it would ``reinforce and strengthen'' sanctions on Myanmar in case the authorities ``resort to using violence against the unarmed and peaceful demonstrators.'' Current EU measures include an arms embargo, an asset freeze and a visa ban on junta officials.

French Pressure

Myanmar, bordered by India, Bangladesh, China, Thailand and Laos, is slightly smaller than Texas and has a population of 47 million. It gained independence from the U.K. in 1948 and experienced persistent political and ethnic conflict until the military seized power and abolished the constitution.

The junta rejected the results of parliamentary elections in May 1990, won by opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi's League for Democracy, and suspended parliament. Suu Kyi, 62, has spent almost 12 years in detention since the election, and was last placed under house arrest at her home in Yangon in 2003.

International sanctions have stifled economic growth in the nation, which had proven natural gas reserves of 17.7 trillion cubic feet at the end of 2005, or 0.3 percent the world's total, according to BP Plc, and resources including teak, zinc, copper and precious stones.

Protests intensified last month after the regime doubled the cost of some fuels, making public transport unaffordable for many residents, Human Rights Watch said.

To contact the reporter on this story: Bill Varner at the United Nations at wvarner@bloomberg.net

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